Lebih Dekat dengan Perbankan Syariah

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Perbankan syariah yang sejak sepuluh tahun belakangan perkembangannya semakin meluas ke seluruh negeri. Mekanisme apa yang membawa perbankan syariah berkembang pesat?

Perbankan syariah tidak mengenal sistem bunga. Perbankan syariah menjalankan sistem bagi hasil, dimana keuntungan antar bank dan nasabah dibagi bersama berdasarkan kesepakatan yang ditentukan melalui akad. Sistem ini sangat memungkinkan nasabah, untuk mengawasi kinerja bank syariah secara langsung. Bila jumlah keuntungan yang dihasilkan bank dari pembiayaan semakin besar, maka bagi hasil untuk nasabah juga makin besar. sebaliknya, jika bagi hasil yang diterima nasabah semakin kecil, maka hal itu disebabkan oleh menurunnya kemampuan bank syariah untuk menghasilkan profit. Mengecilnya bagi hasil untuk nasabah dalam waktu yang cukup lama merupakan pertanda bahwa bank syariah yang bersangkutan semakin tidak efisien, ini merupakan peringatan dini bagi nasabah secara transparan akan kinerja bank syariah yang dipercayainya mengelola dana.

Sedang bank yang menganut sistem bunga, deposan tak dapat mengetahui kinerja keuanan bank dari indikasi bunga yang diperoleh, karena tiap bulan besaran bunga tetap. Jadi, di perbankan konvesional nasabah tak tahu secara transparan dan dini kinerja bank.

Apa mungkin bagi hasil untuk nasabah negatif??

Pengelolaan bank yang buruk mungkin saja dapat mengakibatkan kerugian. Jika perbankan syariah mengalami kerugian maka akan ada 2 kemungkinan; Bila dalam akad yang disepakati yang dibagi adalah hasil yang berupa profit (pendapatan - biaya), maka akan mungkin sekali bagi hasilnya negatif. Namun bila yang diakadkan dalam bagi hasil adalah pendapatan perbankan syariah, maka tak mungkin ada bagi hasil negatif, kemungkinan terburuk adalah bagi hasil= 0 (nol)

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MONETARY POLICY

Monetary policy is a policy from government to regulate the condition of economy in our country by setting the number of money flows. This policy divided into 2 categories; contrctive monetary and expansive monetary. 

Contractive monetary is a policy that will be run by government which is delegated by Bank of Indonesia depends upon Indonesia regulation (UU nomor 23 tahun 1999), that Bank of 

Indonesia will decrease the number of money flows by contractive monetary. But, government will runs exspansive monetary if they want to increase the number of money flow.

There are 4 instruments to work on this policy, they are:

1. Open market operation
2. Discount Rate
3. Reserve requirement ratio
4. Moral persuasion

1. OPEN MARKET OPERATION

Open market operation is one of steps that will be done by government in monetary policy by buying and selling 'government securities', such as: SBI, SBPU.

If government assumes that Indonesia in inflation condition so, they will cut the money flows in public by selling the government security. They sell it in giro, deposite andsaving form.

If government assumes that our economy needs stimulation to develop our economy activity or increase the money flows, so government buy the government security from public in promissory form.

2. Discount Rate

Discount rate are steps that will be taken by government to set the money flows in monetary policy, too

They do that by up and down the rate of interset in our country and it will be run in all public banks. If the number of money flows in public is high, government will improve the rate of interest, in order public are interested to save their money more, and money flows is down. But If government knows the number of money flows in public is down, the government will decrease the rate of interest in order public more interested to get credit from bank and number of money flows is up.

3 Reserve Requirement Ratio.

Government decides the number of persentation of Indonesia Bank reserve requirement, how much to save and how much to share to public as credit. the higer Indonesia Bank decides the persentation to be saved the lower will be credit for public. For example: If government says that the reserve requirement of Indonesia bank should 10%  means that from 100% funds which got by BI 10% will be saved and 90% will be share to public as credit. Multiplication from this number is 10. But if government decides that the reserve requirement ratio of Indonesia bank should higher ex;20 % means that the persentation for public only 80%. The multiplication is 5. From this, we could conclude that by increasing the reserve requirement of Indonesia bank the number of money which flows to the public will be down.

4 Moral Persuasion

the government has authorize to suggest the public bank to limit their desire to borrow money from Indonesia Bank (watch out to the discount rate fasility, it could cause the inflation).

for example: the governoor of Indonesia bank could suggest to Public Bank not to get loans so much from Indonesia Bank.

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